Marine

A practical map from operating exposure to policy, wording, claim, and risk-control decisions.

Key risks

Hull damage and collision
Cargo loss
Pollution and salvage
War and sanctions
Port accumulation

Recommended policies

Hull & Machinery
P&I
Marine Cargo
War Risks
Charterers' Liability

Critical extensions

Sue and labour
General average
War and strikes
Increased value
Deviation

Common gaps

Delay exclusion
Voyage outside trading limits
Sanctions issue
Insufficient cargo valuation

Typical claims

Grounding
Collision liability
Wet damage
War-risk diversion

Risk-management advice

Obtain voyage approvals
Verify vessel and counterparties
Check Institute clause editions
Maintain shipment documentation

This is a general industry map, not a recommendation for a particular business. Requirements may depend on contracts, activities, locations, values, law, risk appetite, and complete policy wording.